Diamox (acetazolamide) is an interesting medication with a range of uses, most of which involve reducing pressure or ridding the body of excess fluid. Patients also buy Diamox to prevent seizures, though it's not clear exactly how the medication is useful in this respect.

This product is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, which suppresses activity of carbonic anhydrase in the kidneys. In simple terms, Diamox prevents reabsorption of various substances---including potassium and sodium---thus causing them to be excreted in urine, along with excess fluid. This action lowers blood, brain, and eye pressure, and rids the body of excess fluid. It also causes the blood to become acidic, which in turn causes increased inhalation, which increases oxygen and lowers carbon dioxide found in the blood.

People most commonly buy Diamox to treat:

• Open-angle glaucoma
• Closed-angle glaucoma
• Medication-induced edema
• Heart failure-induced edema
• Altitude sickness
• Petit mal seizures
• Grand mal seizures
• Absence seizures
• Other epilepsy

Patients who have kidney impairment or low levels of potassium or sodium in the blood should not buy Diamox. The medication can be used in children---particularly to treat seizures---but they will require modified dosing based on weight, which a doctor can calculate.

Dosage & Administration

An important factor of Diamox is tolerance; many patients using the medication to lower pressure find it stops working as well after around a week of treatment. Dosing every other day, or for two days with a break on the third day, may mitigate this to some extent.

Treatment is similar in many cases. Keep in mind the following are only rough guidelines; doctor instructions will likely vary and should be followed.

For glaucoma and seizures:

• Take 250 mg to 1000 mg (1 g) of Diamox per day.
• Doses over 250 mg should be divided into smaller doses, taken throughout the day.
• If taking other anticonvulsants, dosage should start at 250 mg per day.
• Do not exceed 1000 mg per day.

In glaucoma the medication is usually given to lower eye pressure prior to and/or immediately following surgery; treatment is relatively short term. In seizures, treatment tends to be long term and other medications are also often given. As tolerance is rarely an issue outside of treating fluid pressure it's not such a concern with seizure treatment, though patients will need to have kidney function checked regularly.

To treat edema:

• Start with 250 mg to 375 mg of Diamox taken in the morning.
• This may work for some patients if taken every day.
• Other patients will fail to lose edema fluid; rather than increase dosage, these patients should take the medication every other day, or for two days and then a break for the third day.
• Treatment with Diamox does not eliminate the need for other medications and other treatment, such as bed rest or salt restriction.

If treating heart failure-induced edema, patients who buy Diamox nearly always take other medications as well. In medication-induced edema Diamox may be the only medication taken to address edema. In both cases treatment tends to be longer-term; it should continue for as long as a doctor recommends.

To treat high-altitude sickness:

• Take 500 mg to 1000 mg of Diamox 24 to 28 hours prior to ascent.
• Continue treatment for at least the next 48 hours.
• Treatment may continue an additional few days if needed.

The medication doesn't directly cure high-altitude sickness, but rather patients buy Diamox to help the body acclimatize faster. If using Diamox to prevent sickness in rapid ascent scenarios, higher doses of 1000 mg are recommended. For slower ascents, particularly those where patients can stop and let the body acclimatize naturally, lower doses around 500 mg are ideal.

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